Perguntar
to ask (a question)
Presente
Current actions, habits, and general truths.
| eu | pergunto | Eu pergunto quando não sei — sem vergonha. — I ask when I don't know — without embarrassment. |
| você/ele/ela | pergunta | Ela pergunta o nome de todo mundo que conhece. — She asks everyone's name when she meets them. |
| nós | perguntamos | Nós perguntamos antes de assumir. — We ask before assuming. |
| eles/elas | perguntam | Eles perguntam muito e ouvem bastante. — They ask a lot and listen a great deal. |
I ask a lot — it's my way of understanding the world. My friend Davi asks before judging. We ask each other when doubt arises. Children ask without a filter — and that's one of the most honest things there is.
Pret. Perfeito
Completed past actions — what happened.
| eu | perguntei | Eu perguntei o caminho e a pessoa andou comigo até lá. — I asked for directions and the person walked all the way there with me. |
| você/ele/ela | perguntou | Ela perguntou o que eu queria para o aniversário. — She asked what I wanted for my birthday. |
| nós | perguntamos | Nós perguntamos se havia opção vegetariana. — We asked if there was a vegetarian option. |
| eles/elas | perguntaram | Eles perguntaram tudo antes de assinar o contrato. — They asked everything before signing the contract. |
The interview was memorable. I asked things nobody had asked before. My favourite reporter asked the CEO what he most regretted — and he answered honestly. We asked and listened for three hours. The readers asked what we didn't have the courage to ask.
Pret. Imperfeito
Ongoing or habitual past — what used to happen or was happening.
| eu | perguntava | Eu perguntava o porquê de tudo quando criança. — I used to ask why about everything as a child. |
| você/ele/ela | perguntava | Ele perguntava a hora toda vez que passava alguém. — He used to ask the time every time someone walked by. |
| nós | perguntávamos | Nós perguntávamos aos avós sobre a vida deles. — We used to ask our grandparents about their lives. |
| eles/elas | perguntavam | Elas perguntavam juntas e se completavam. — They used to ask together and complement each other. |
In childhood, I used to ask why about everything until everyone was tired. My dad used to ask how my day was every night. We used to ask with hands raised and respected our turn. The older people used to ask less and know more — or was it just appearances.
Futuro Informal
Plans and intentions — "going to." The most common future form in spoken BR Portuguese.
| eu | vou perguntar | Vou perguntar ao médico na consulta amanhã. — I'm going to ask the doctor at tomorrow's appointment. |
| você/ele/ela | vai perguntar | Ela vai perguntar diretamente sem rodeios. — She's going to ask directly without beating around the bush. |
| nós | vamos perguntar | Vamos perguntar ao grupo o que preferem. — We're going to ask the group what they prefer. |
| eles/elas | vão perguntar | Eles vão perguntar o preço antes de decidir. — They're going to ask the price before deciding. |
Tomorrow is the important meeting. I'm going to ask about the career plan. My friend is going to ask her boyfriend about their future. We're going to ask together — two is different from one. Those who stayed quiet are going to ask when it becomes urgent.
Futuro Formal
Formal future — "shall/will." More common in writing than speech.
| eu | perguntarei | Perguntarei ao especialista na conferência. — I will ask the specialist at the conference. |
| você/ele/ela | perguntará | A jornalista perguntará sobre o escândalo. — The journalist will ask about the scandal. |
| nós | perguntaremos | Perguntaremos ao conselho antes de qualquer decisão. — We will ask the council before any decision. |
| eles/elas | perguntarão | Os auditores perguntarão sobre cada transação. — The auditors will ask about every transaction. |
The communiqué was clear: The committee will ask each witness. We will ask based on the evidence. The lawyers will ask next. I will ask the main person involved before the report.
Condicional
Hypotheticals and polite requests — "would."
| eu | perguntaria | Eu perguntaria com mais cuidado se soubesse que era sensível. — I would ask more carefully if I knew it was sensitive. |
| você/ele/ela | perguntaria | Ela perguntaria se não tivesse tanto medo da resposta. — She would ask if she weren't so afraid of the answer. |
| nós | perguntaríamos | Perguntaríamos mais se não tivéssemos vergonha de não saber. — We would ask more if we weren't embarrassed not to know. |
| eles/elas | perguntariam | Eles perguntariam mais se sentissem que seriam ouvidos. — They would ask more if they felt they would be heard. |
If pride didn't block it, I would ask more. My brother would ask his father things he has swallowed for years. We would ask each other more. People would ask more if they knew the question has value in itself.
Perguntar across the tenses
A short story using perguntar in multiple tenses
Meu avô perguntava o nome de todo mundo que encontrava. Perguntava de onde era, o que fazia, se estava bem. Os desconhecidos perguntavam se ele era jornalista — ele ria.
Hoje eu pergunto da mesma forma. Ontem perguntei a história de vida de uma senhora no ponto de ônibus. Perguntamos coisas diferentes mas com o mesmo espírito.
No próximo encontro, vou perguntar o que aprendeu com tantos anos de conversa. Se me perguntarem, perguntarei de volta — ele diria.
Perguntei o segredo de tanto interesse nas pessoas. Perguntaria qualquer coisa a qualquer um, disse. Toda vida tem uma resposta que vale ouvir.
My grandfather used to ask everyone he met their name. He used to ask where they were from, what they did, if they were well. Strangers used to ask if he was a journalist — he'd laugh. Today I ask in the same way. Yesterday I asked a woman at the bus stop the story of her life. We ask different things but with the same spirit. At our next meeting, I'm going to ask what he's learned from so many years of conversation. If they ask me, I will ask back — he'd say. I asked him the secret of so much interest in people. I would ask anything of anyone, he said. Every life has an answer worth hearing.
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